Indoor air sampling for mould spores may be conducted to help in evaluating the air quality after occupants’ complaints of ill health, to determine the effectiveness of remediation procedures, to assess health hazards or to proactively monitor indoor air quality. Mould spores enter a building from outdoors through: air intakes for the heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning system (HVAC), doors […]
Indoor Molds that Produce Known Mycotoxins on Building Materials
This article discusses common indoor molds that produce mycotoxins and the materials on which they are commonly found. The general public thinks that black indoor molds are toxigenic because of the publicity that Stachybotrys chartarum (a.k.a Stachybotrys atra in the old literature), a black mold, received in the recent years. However, the colour of the indoor […]
Mycotoxins In Indoor Environment, Their Health Effects and the Moulds Producing Them
Growth of commonly occurring moulds in foods and building materials may result in production of toxic complex secondary metabolic by-products referred to as mycotoxins. Moulds that produce mycotoxins are said to be toxigenic (or incorrectly toxic moulds). According to experts, five kinds of mycotoxins are important in human health: aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, certain trichothecenes […]
Troubleshooting Microbial Contamination In An Industrial Environment
Processing industries such as pharmaceutical, personal hygiene and beauty products, food (including dairy) have microbial contamination control procedures in place. Regular hygiene monitoring of a plant and equipment, and microbiological sampling of products and raw materials are invaluable in detecting potential sources and routes of contamination. Contamination especially in food industry can result to not […]
Common Building Molds and Their Hazard Classes
Building molds are common on damp materials with a water activity value equal to or greater than 0.90. Building molds and yeasts such as strains of Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichoderma spp., Exophiala spp., Stachybotrys spp., Phialophora spp., Fusarium spp., Ulocladium spp., and yeasts such as Rhodotorula spp. grow well on very wet building materials. Materials with a water […]
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